THE ARTS: L S Lowrie, what does LS stand for?

Questions

In 1633 Galileo ---------- is forced by Inquisition to "abjure, curse, & detest" his Copernican heliocentric views (eg That the earth went around the sun and not the other way around). ?

In 1887 Britain celebrates ---------- jubilee of Queen Victoria.?

In 1893 1st ---------- wheel premieres (Chicago's Columbian Exposition).?

In 1905 Jean-Paul---------- , France, philosopher/writer (Nobel 1964; declined), born.?

In 1919 Germans ---------- their own fleet.?