Misc: Ugly carved figures projecting from roofs of churches, etc are?

Questions

Name the female version of the Jewish Bar Mitzvah, celebrating a girl reaching the age of thirteen?

In the book Treasure Island which character owns the Spyglass Inn?

Which U.S. president gave the 'four freedoms of democracy' speech- ie freedom from want; freedom from fear; freedom of worship and freedom of speech?

What derogatory name is derived from a remark given by the Kaiser to members of the British Expeditionary Force under Sir John French, in 1914?

What name was given to the period during the French Revolution when 1400 of Robespierre's opponents were executed?