Misc: What is the wettest state in the Union?

Questions

A IV-I chord progression is called a: ?

A cadenza is: ?

Name the composer who wrote a an opus to specifically demonstrate equal temperament. ?

Sonata No. 8, Opus No.13 in C minor by Beethoven is referred to as: ?

The first four notes (of the melody) of Beethoven's Sonata Pathetique in C minor are: ?