Misc: a woman who is a "philematophobe" hates what??

Questions

which us city was called new amesterdam in the earyl 17th century?

what feat of aviation was achieved by john alcock and arthur brown in 1919?

what do the initials of the meat substitute tvp stand for?

what photographic device was invented by edwin land in 1947?

which famous painting is also known as 'la gioconda'?