useless trivia: What Word Means: A Cab Driver?

Questions

International geophysical program, initiated in 1984, for surveying the deep ocean floor & its resources?

identify the country: es?

identify the country: il?

Investigation of physical, chemical, & biological conditions at the bottom of the ocean, for scientific & commercial purposes?

Irregular line drawn on the map of the pacific ocean, near, & in many places coincident with, the 180th meridian?