Misc: What are chrysolite, beryl, jasper & tourmaline?

Questions

Process by what an organism becomes better adapted to exist in an environment different from the one to what it was indigenous?

Process of heat treatment by what glass & certain metals & alloys are rendered less brittle & more resistant to fracture?

Property of a fluid that tends to prevent it from flowing when subjected to an applied force?

the early bird __________?

Few people know how to be old Who by?