useless trivia: What Word Means: Crude Tartar - Dung Used As Fuel?

Questions

What virtuoso pianist had to turn to composing after he injured his hand when he tried to strengthen his third and fourth fingers using a self-invented apparatus ?

Which well-known composer was confined to an insane asylum in Bonn near the end of his life ?

Name the composer who tried to commit suicide by jumping in the Rhine. ?

What composer was famous for his Polonaises ?

Which century did Johann Sebastian Bach die in ?