useless trivia: What Word Means: Mesial - Median?

Questions

Until the 18th century ____ produced almost all the worlds diamonds?

As the Pacific plate moves under its coast, the ______ Island of New Zealand is getting larger?

If you travel from east to west across the Soviet Union, you will cross _____ time zones?

Sahara mean _______ in Arabic?

Every litre of water taken from the Red Sea would contain about _____ grams of salt?