useless trivia: What Word Means: Rude?

Questions

(It.) - A bowing indication for string players to play near the bridge to achieve a brittle tone.?

(It.) - A bowing indication to string players to play near or above the fingerboard, producing a 'colourless' tone.?

- The second degree of the scale (e.g. D in the scale of C major) or the triad built on that degree.?

(Fr.) - Same as sul tasto.?

- A harmonic device in which a note in a chord is kept sounding while another chord is played to form a discord. This discord is resolved by the prolonged note usually falling or rising to a note forming part of the new chord.?