useless trivia: What Word Means: Selected?

Questions

Close encounters of the first kind?

Closely related to pascal, niklaus wirth also played a part in what computer language's creation?

Coal is sometimes added to softdrinks to make them ______?

Coca-cola was named for the extracts of which of its two 'medicinal' ingredients?

creme de cacao, cream, and brandy make a(n) __________?