useless trivia: What Word Means: The Luminous Medusa?

Questions

(It.) - Realism. Particularly applied to Italian opera around 1900 with its violent and contemporary leanings.?

(Ger.) - Indication to pianists to use the soft (left) pedal.?

- A rapid but minute fluctuation in pitch to give an expressive quality to a note (e.g. by a violinist's oscillations of the left hand). The degree and style is related to the intensity of feeling in the music.?

(Fr.) - Empty. Cordc a vide, open string.?

(Fr.) - Lively.?