Misc: The earths atmosphere & the space beyond is known as _______?

Questions

Where in the solar system would an observer see the "Cassini's Division"?

Which major land offensive began on the 1st July, 1916?

Prior to 1998 who was the last non-American to win the U.S. Masters golf championship?

What is the more familiar name to the British of the Swiss lake Vierwaldstattersee?

What was the pre-war German name for the Baltic city which is now Russian and called Kaliningrad?