Misc: What legendary character is rooted in U S pioneer John Chapman?

Questions

- A rise in pitch which may be a semitone, or a description of someone singing or playing sharp unintentionally. A double sharp indicates a rising of the pitch by two semitones. ?

- Two melodies moving together in the same direction.?

(It., 'similar') - Indicates that a phrase, etc. is to be performed in the same manner as the previous one.?

- Time in which each beat is divisible by two (e.g. 2 / 4, 4 / 4, 3 / 4 and in which each beat is a quarter note).?

- Small orchestras currently perform under this name. Originally the title described an instrumental piece in the baroque era such as the prelude, overture to an opera, cantata or suite.?