Misc: The study of human pre history is ___________?

Questions

In 1976 ---------- goes into orbit around Mars. ?

In 1976 Viking 2 goes into orbit around---------- . ?

In 1978 ---------- gains independence from Britain (National Day). ?

In 1987 Lt Col ---------- began public testimony at Iran-Contra hearing. ?

In 1988 Soviet Union launches ---------- to probe Martian moon (unsuccessful). ?