Misc: This country's flag has a large "r" on it?

Questions

What 1902 children's book continues to sell over 50,000 copies per year?

What 1955 fad was good for New York City fur dealers?

What African country's name is Latin for "free"?

What ailing founding father was carted to the Constitutional Convention in a sedan chair carried by four prisoners?

What American spoiled Hitler's Aryan dream at the 1936 Olympics?