Misc: What adjective was used to describe the flavour of Beech-Nut Gum?

Questions

(It.) - Very soft, with abbreviation pp.?

(It.) - (1) Soft, abbreviation p; (2) Standard abbreviation in French and English for pianoforte.?

- (It)soft and loud, abrrev. is piano.?

(Fr.) - The surprising sound of a major third at the end of a piece otherwise in a minor key thus converting the expected minor chord to a major one. This was a common device up to the mid-18th century .?

- (It.) - More. Piu lento, slower.?