Misc: Define the name of the vertical post that runs through a door hinge?

Questions

In 1858 Rudolf---------- , invented an engine, born. ?

In 1881 Barnum and Bailey's ---------- opens in Madison Square Garden in New York City. ?

In 1892 At a banquet through a letter Lord ---------- presents the idea of a silver cup challenge for Hockey (Stanley Cup) The cup cost $50. ?

In 1909 First broadcast by a 'ham' operator -- Einar ---------- of Denmark. ?

In 1922 Mohandas K. ---------- sentenced in India to six years' imprisonment. ?