Misc: what biblical figure is known as the father of the human race?

Questions

In 1955 Element ---------- announced - element 101. ?

In 1973 Nixon announces resignation of ---------- , Ehrlichman, et al. ?

In 1980 Terrorists seize ---------- Embassy in London. ?

In 1640 Portugal regains independence after 60 years of ---------- rule. ?

In 1783 Charles and M.N. Roberts ascend 2,000' in a ---------- balloon. ?