Misc: transom, poop and keel are all parts of a what?

Questions

french food aka: flaky, buttery pastry shaped in a quarter-moon?

french food aka: salad from the south of france, made with black olives and anchovies?

french food aka: delicate egg whites baked at a high temperature, literally means "a breath"?

french food aka: rich custard famous for its hard, caramelized sugar glaze?

legend: what, according to himself, does gump know?