Misc: In 1942 Montgomery (Br) defeats ---------- (Ger) in battle of Alamein (WW II). ?

Questions

On which river is the city of Florence situated.?

Who became the first Prime Minister of Tanganyika in 1961?

The Sublime Porte was the Court of Government of which Empire?

Which chemical element is named after die Latin word for 'red'?

Who was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England?