Misc: In 1813 Giuseppe Verdi, composer of operas (Rigoletto, Aida,---------- ), born. ?

Questions

- Also called graccs or embellishments, these are notes considered to be an extra embellishment of a melody which are either added spontaneously by the performer or indicated by the composer on the score by signs or notation. In the 17th and 18th centuries, omaments were mostly indicated by signs and they included the trill, mordent, turn, arpeggio and appoggiatura. Composers wrote out ornaments in full in later periods.?

(It.) - Or. Indicates an alternative passage (usually a simpler version) in a composition.?

(It., 'obstinate') - A persistently repeated musical figure or rhythm. A basso ostinato or ground bass has this feature in the bass part. otez (Fr.) - Take off. Otez Ies sourdines, take off the mutes.?

(It.) - Octave. Often written 8ve. All'ottava, at the octave and ottava bassa, an octave lower.?

- Any notes of the harmonic series are given this name except for the first fundamental.?