Misc: What do the initials in j.r.r tolkien's name mean?

Questions

English defeat Scots at Battle of Falkirk.?

Philip I (the Handsome), first Habsburg king of Spain (1506), born.?

Gregor Mendel, geneticist who discovered laws of heredity, born.?

Giuseppe Piazzi, discoverer of first asteroid, dies.?

Rev. William Archibald Spooner, invented 'spoonerisms' (ie When you get you bords wackwards and you can't palk troperly.), born.?