Misc: What is the layer beneath the Earth's crust called?

Questions

The largest lake in Australia is --------, measuring 3,420 square miles (8,885 sq. km).?

Towering more than a mile above the ----------- valley known as Jackson Hole, the awe-inspiring Grand Teton rises to 13,770 feet above sea level. Located south of Yellowstone National Park, twelve Teton peaks reach higher than 12,000 feet elevation, high enough to support a dozen mountain glaciers. Youngest of the mountains in the Rocky Mountain system, the Teton Range displays some of the North America's oldest rocks. About 4,100,000 people visit Grand Teton National Park every year.?

Turkey's largest city, -------------, played a central role in Greek history. Called Constantinople, it was capital of the Byzantine Empire. The name ------------ was not officially adopted until 1930.?

Twenty-three states in the U.S. border an ------------?

Two thousand years ago, the ancient Roman city of ---------- was a thriving commercial port of 20,000 people.?