music: What instrument did Thelonius S. Monk play?

Questions

The highest mountain on Earth, -------------, reaches only about halfway through the lowest layer of the troposphere.?

There are sand dunes in Arcachon, ----------- that are 350 feet high.?

The highest point in Pennsylvania is lower than the lowest point in --------------?

There is a U.S. state capital that was named after a famous German. Bismarck, North Dakota, was named after ----------------------?

The islands of ------------- have no rivers or lakes. The inhabitants must use rain for water.?