Misc: What bird is the symbol of the United States?

Questions

In 1248 Construction of ---------- Cathedral is begun. ?

In 1385 ---------- defeat Castilians at Aljubarrota, retain independence. ?

In 1385 Portuguese defeat ---------- at Aljubarrota, retain independence. ?

In 1385 Portuguese defeat Castilians at---------- , retain independence. ?

In 1457 Oldest exactly dated ---------- (c. 3 years after Gutenberg). ?